White Papers
Intact Mass Analysis Using LC/MS
Abstract:
Intact mass analysis is the assessment of a protein’s total molecular weight by mass spectrometry (MS) without prior digestion or fragmentation of the protein. High resolution MS allows the average molecular weight of large proteins, e.g. monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), to be measured with accuracy better than ± 0.005%. The observed mass can then be compared to the expected mass for a given amino acid sequence.
Click here to view paper.
Interleukin Analysis by LC/MS
Abstract:
Cytokines are important biomarkers in the evaluation of the pathogenesis of diseases. These small signaling proteins play a central role in cell survival and cellular inflammation. Notable signaling proteins interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-11 (IL-11), which both have well defined pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions. The average circulating concentration of cytokines within an organism is low, typically in the pg/mL range. This circulating concentration, in conjunction the small size of cytokines, makes signaling proteins like IL-6 and IL-11 historically difficult to locate with the use of commercially available assays kits [1].
Click here to view paper.
Antibody N-Glycopeptide Analysis
Abstract:
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are widely used in pharmaceutical research, primarily as therapeutic agents. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are critical quality attributes in mAb production, influencing the mAbs stability, efficacy, and function. Among these modifications, protein glycosylation—the attachment of sugar units—plays a key role in determining the biological properties of mAbs. In particular, Fc glycosylation significantly impacts effector functions within the immune system, affecting antibody-dependent cellular responses and overall therapeutic performance.
Click here to view paper.
Data Independent Analysis leveraging Artificial Intelligence
Abstract:
Data-Independent Acquisition (DIA) is a bottom-up technique for generating mass spectrometry (MS) proteomic data. Precursor ions are isolated in pre-defined windows and then fragmented. These isolation windows can be defined either by m/z range, or by entry time into the instrument (called broadband DIA). In each of these isolation windows, all precursor ions are fragmented and then analyzed in the second stage of tandem MS. This contrasts with Data-Dependent Acquisition (DDA), where a fixed number of precursor ions are selected and analyzed in the second stage of tandem MS. Data-Independent Acquistion methods allow for improved detection of low-abundance peptides, increased specificity, and better reproducibility compared to DDA.
Click here to view paper.